See currying on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish Curry\nEnglish curry\nProto-Germanic *-ungō\nOld English -ung\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish currying\nFrom curry (“to perform currying upon (a function, a parameter, etc.)”, verb) + -ing (suffix forming nouns denoting acts of doing actions or embodiments of actions). Curry is named after the American computer scientist and mathematician Haskell Curry (1900–1982) who further developed the technique based on earlier work by the German logician and mathematician Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) and the Germany-based Russian logician and mathematician Moses Schönfinkel (1888–1942). It is not known who coined the term.",
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"ref": "1972 August 1, John C[harles] Reynolds, “Definitional Interpreters for Higher-order Programming Languages”, in Rosemary Shields, editor, ACM ’72: Proceedings of the ACM Annual Conference, volume 2, [New York, N.Y.]: ACM Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 725:",
"text": "In the last line [of the preceding function] we have used a trick called Currying (after the logician H. Curry) to solve the problem of introducing a binary operation into a language where all functions must accept a single argument. (The referee comments that although \"Currying\" is tastier, \"Schönfinkeling\" might be more accurate.)",
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"ref": "1985, P[ierre]-L[ouis] Curien, “Syntactic Equivalences Inducing Semantic Equivalences”, in Bob F. Caviness, editor, Eurocal ’85: European Conference on Computer Algebra, Linz, Austria, April 1–3 1985: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 204), volume 2 (Research Contributions), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 174:",
"text": "The pure categorical combinatory logic CCL is the one-sorted algebra of terms built from a set Var of variables over the following signature: […] #92;Lambda, called curryiing,^([sic]) of arity 1 […]",
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"ref": "2004, Yoshihito Toyama, “Termination of S-Expression Rewriting Systems: Lexicographic Path Ordering for Higher-Order Terms”, in Vincent van Oostrom, editor, Rewriting Techniques and Applications: 15th International Conference, RTA 2004, Aachen, Germany, June 3–5, 2004: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 3091), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 53:",
"text": "Take two curryings #92;Gamma#95;1((N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;timesL#92;rightarrowL))#61;(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;rightarrow(L#92;rightarrowL) and #92;Gamma#95;2((N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;timesL#92;timesN#92;rightarrowL))#61;(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;rightarrow(L#92;timesN#92;rightarrowL). Currying #92;mathcal#123;R#125; twice, we have the following curried SRS [S-expression rewriting system] #92;Gamma#95;2(#92;Gamma#95;1(#92;mathcal#123;R#125;)).",
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"ref": "2010, Sal Mangano, “Functional Programming”, in Mike Loukides, editor, Mathematica Cookbook, Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 74:",
"text": "Currying is the process of transforming a function that takes multiple arguments into a function that takes just a single argument and returns another function if any arguments are still needed.",
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"ref": "2011, Cynthia Kop, “Simplifying Algebraic Functional Systems”, in Franz Winkler, editor, Algebraic Informatics: 4th International Conference, CAI 2011, Linz, Austria, June 21–24, 2011: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 6742), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 212:",
"text": "In first-order rewriting, the question whether properties such as confluence and termination are preserved under currying or uncurrying is studied in [5,6,2]. In [6] a currying transformation from (functional) term rewriting systems (TRSs) into applicative term rewriting systems (ATRSs) is defined; a TRS is terminating if and only if its curried form is.",
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"ref": "2015 August 4, Paul-André Mellies, Noam Zeilberger, “An Isbell Duality Theorem for Type Refinement Systems”, in ArXiv, →DOI, →OCLC, page 21; published in Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, volume 28, number 6, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, June 2018, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 736–774:",
"text": "In the case of a logical refinement system t#58;#92;mathcal#123;D#125;#92;rightarrow#92;mathcal#123;T#125; with enough pullbacks, the fiber #92;mathcal#123;D#125;#95;w is not just monoidal, but also closed[…], with the residuals defined by pulling back along the left and right curryings of the monoid multiplication map: […]",
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"Requests for gender in Hebrew entries",
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"Terms with German translations",
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"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
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"ref": "1972 August 1, John C[harles] Reynolds, “Definitional Interpreters for Higher-order Programming Languages”, in Rosemary Shields, editor, ACM ’72: Proceedings of the ACM Annual Conference, volume 2, [New York, N.Y.]: ACM Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 725:",
"text": "In the last line [of the preceding function] we have used a trick called Currying (after the logician H. Curry) to solve the problem of introducing a binary operation into a language where all functions must accept a single argument. (The referee comments that although \"Currying\" is tastier, \"Schönfinkeling\" might be more accurate.)",
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"ref": "1985, P[ierre]-L[ouis] Curien, “Syntactic Equivalences Inducing Semantic Equivalences”, in Bob F. Caviness, editor, Eurocal ’85: European Conference on Computer Algebra, Linz, Austria, April 1–3 1985: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 204), volume 2 (Research Contributions), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 174:",
"text": "The pure categorical combinatory logic CCL is the one-sorted algebra of terms built from a set Var of variables over the following signature: […] #92;Lambda, called curryiing,^([sic]) of arity 1 […]",
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"ref": "2004, Yoshihito Toyama, “Termination of S-Expression Rewriting Systems: Lexicographic Path Ordering for Higher-Order Terms”, in Vincent van Oostrom, editor, Rewriting Techniques and Applications: 15th International Conference, RTA 2004, Aachen, Germany, June 3–5, 2004: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 3091), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 53:",
"text": "Take two curryings #92;Gamma#95;1((N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;timesL#92;rightarrowL))#61;(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;rightarrow(L#92;rightarrowL) and #92;Gamma#95;2((N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;timesL#92;timesN#92;rightarrowL))#61;(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;times(N#92;timesN#92;rightarrowN)#92;rightarrow(L#92;timesN#92;rightarrowL). Currying #92;mathcal#123;R#125; twice, we have the following curried SRS [S-expression rewriting system] #92;Gamma#95;2(#92;Gamma#95;1(#92;mathcal#123;R#125;)).",
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"ref": "2010, Sal Mangano, “Functional Programming”, in Mike Loukides, editor, Mathematica Cookbook, Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 74:",
"text": "Currying is the process of transforming a function that takes multiple arguments into a function that takes just a single argument and returns another function if any arguments are still needed.",
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"ref": "2011, Cynthia Kop, “Simplifying Algebraic Functional Systems”, in Franz Winkler, editor, Algebraic Informatics: 4th International Conference, CAI 2011, Linz, Austria, June 21–24, 2011: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 6742), Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 212:",
"text": "In first-order rewriting, the question whether properties such as confluence and termination are preserved under currying or uncurrying is studied in [5,6,2]. In [6] a currying transformation from (functional) term rewriting systems (TRSs) into applicative term rewriting systems (ATRSs) is defined; a TRS is terminating if and only if its curried form is.",
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"ref": "2015 August 4, Paul-André Mellies, Noam Zeilberger, “An Isbell Duality Theorem for Type Refinement Systems”, in ArXiv, →DOI, →OCLC, page 21; published in Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, volume 28, number 6, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, June 2018, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 736–774:",
"text": "In the case of a logical refinement system t#58;#92;mathcal#123;D#125;#92;rightarrow#92;mathcal#123;T#125; with enough pullbacks, the fiber #92;mathcal#123;D#125;#95;w is not just monoidal, but also closed[…], with the residuals defined by pulling back along the left and right curryings of the monoid multiplication map: […]",
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"word": "卡瑞化"
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"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "kēlǐhuà",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "柯里化"
},
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"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "Curry-muunnos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
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"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
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"word": "curryfication"
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{
"code": "de",
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"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
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"word": "Currying"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schönfinkeln"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "פונקציית קורי"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "applicazione parziale"
},
{
"alt": "カリーか",
"code": "ja",
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"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "karīka",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "カリー化"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "keoring",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "커링"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozwijanie funkcji"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "currying"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "karrirovanije",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "каррирование"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "currificación"
},
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"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
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"word": "каррінг"
},
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"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "karruvannja",
"sense": "technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument; an instance of using this technique",
"word": "каррування"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gottlob Frege",
"Moses Schönfinkel"
],
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish curry\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-andz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\n▲\nMiddle English -yngeinflu.\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish currying\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ndz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-andī\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ende\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gerund noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ynge\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ing\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"suffix forming present participles of verbs\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"currying\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"currying\">\nFrom curry (“to groom (a horse)”, verb) + -ing (suffix forming present participles of verbs).",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "curry<id:to groom><pos:v><t:to groom (a horse)>",
"4": "['-ing<id:participial><pos:', <TEMPLATE(['lg'], ['suffix']){} >, ' forming ', <TEMPLATE(['lg'], ['present']){} >, ' ', <TEMPLATE(['lg'], ['participle']){} >, 's of ', <TEMPLATE(['lg'], ['verb']){} >, 's>']",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish curry\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-andz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\n▲\nMiddle English -yngeinflu.\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish currying\nFrom curry (“to groom (a horse)”, verb) + -ing (suffix forming present participles of verbs).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish curry\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nProto-Germanic *-andz\nProto-West Germanic *-andī\nOld English -ende\n▲\nMiddle English -yngeinflu.\nMiddle English -ynge\nEnglish -ing\nEnglish currying\nFrom curry (“to groom (a horse)”, verb) + -ing (suffix forming present participles of verbs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "currying",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cur",
"ry",
"ing"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "curry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of curry."
],
"links": [
[
"curry",
"curry#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌɹiɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-currying.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-currying.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-currying.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-currying.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-currying.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌɹiɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɜ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-currying.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-currying.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-currying.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-currying.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-currying.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "currying"
}
Download raw JSONL data for currying meaning in All languages combined (30.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.